vSphere开发指南3——VMware PowerCLI
0x00 前言
在之前的文章《vSphere开发指南1——vSphere Automation API》和《vSphere开发指南2——vSphere Web Services API》分别介绍了通过vSphere Automation API和vSphere Web Services API实现vCenter Server同虚拟机交互的方法,本文将要介绍通过PowerCLI实现vCenter Server同虚拟机交互的方法
0x01 简介
本文将要介绍以下内容:
- PowerCLI的安装配置
- PowerCLI命令
- C Sharp调用PowerCLI的方法
0x02 PowerCLI的安装配置
PowerCLI是用于管理VMware基础架构的PowerShell模块的集合,之前被称作VI Toolkit (for Windows)
官方文档:
https://developer.vmware.com/powercli
1.PowerCLI的安装
(1)在线安装
PowerShell版本最低需要满足PowerShell 5.0
安装命令:
Install-Module -Name VMware.PowerCLI
(2)离线安装
下载PowerCLI的Zip文件,地址如下:
https://code.vmware.com/doc/preview?id=13693
获得PowerShell Modules的路径,Powershell命令如下:
$env:PSModulePath
默认可用的一个位置:C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules
将PowerCLI的Zip文件解压至该目录
解锁文件:
cd C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules
Get-ChildItem * -Recurse | Unblock-File
确认是否安装成功:
Get-Module -Name VMware.PowerCLI -ListAvailable
2.PowerCLI的使用
支持命令的说明文档:
https://developer.vmware.com/docs/powercli/latest/products/vmwarevsphereandvsan/
首先调用Connect-VIServer
连接至vCenter,接下来对虚拟机进行管理,最后需要调用Disconnect-VIServer
断开连接
参照说明文档,同样实现以下功能:
- 读取虚拟机的配置
- 查看虚拟机文件
- 删除虚拟机文件
- 向虚拟机上传文件
- 从虚拟机下载文件
- 在虚拟机中执行命令
具体对应的命令示例如下:
(1)读取虚拟机的配置
Connect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Protocol https -User admin -Password pass1 -Force
Get-VM
Disconnect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Force -Confirm:$false
(2)查看虚拟机文件
可通过在虚拟机中执行命令实现
(3)删除虚拟机文件
可通过在虚拟机中执行命令实现
(4)向虚拟机的上传文件
Connect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Protocol https -User admin -Password pass1 -Force
Copy-VMGuestFile -Source c:\text.txt -Destination c:\temp\ -VM VM -LocalToGuest -GuestUser user -GuestPassword pass2
Disconnect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Force -Confirm:$false
(5)从虚拟机下载文件
Connect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Protocol https -User admin -Password pass1 -Force
Copy-VMGuestFile -Source c:\text.txt -Destination c:\temp\ -VM VM -GuestToLocal -GuestUser user -GuestPassword pass2
Disconnect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Force -Confirm:$false
(6)在虚拟机中执行命令
虚拟机系统为Windows:
Connect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Protocol https -User admin -Password pass1 -Force
Invoke-VMScript -VM VM -ScriptText "dir" -GuestUser administrator -GuestPassword pass2
Disconnect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Force -Confirm:$false
虚拟机系统为Linux:
Connect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Protocol https -User admin -Password pass1 -Force
Invoke-VMScript -VM VM2 -ScriptText "pwd" -GuestUser root -GuestPassword pass2
Disconnect-VIServer -Server 192.168.1.1 -Force -Confirm:$false
注:
实现以上功能不需要完整的PowerCLI,我们可以仅在C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules
中保留以下文件夹:
- VMware.PowerCLI
- VMware.Vim
- VMware.VimAutomation.Cis.Core
- VMware.VimAutomation.Common
- VMware.VimAutomation.Core
- VMware.VimAutomation.Sdk
0x03 C Sharp调用PowerCLI的方法
可供参考的示例代码:
https://github.com/vmspot/vcenter-inventory
代码引用了PowerCLI中的dll,实现了通过vCenter Server对虚拟机资源的访问,是一个界面程序
在实际使用过程中,代码需要做以下修改:
(1)禁用证书认证
添加代码:
using System.net;
System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = ((sender, certificate, chain, sslPolicyErrors) => true);
(2)避免错误
错误内容:
Error: An error occurred while making the HTTP request to https://<ip>/. This could be due to the fact that the server certificate is not configuredproperly with HTTP.SYS in the HTTPS case. This could also be caused by a mismatch of the security binding between the client and the server.
解决方法:
添加代码:
System.Net.ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = System.Net.SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;
最终的命令行实现代码如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using VMware.Vim;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
namespace ConsoleApplication28
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = ((sender, certificate, chain, sslPolicyErrors) => true);
System.Net.ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = System.Net.SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;
string host = "192.168.1.1";
string username = "administrator@vsphere.local";
string password = "Password123";
//Create a new VIM client object that will be used to connect to vCenter's SDK service
VimClient Client = new VimClientImpl();
Client.Connect("https://" + host + "/sdk");
Client.Login(username, password);
// Get a list of Windows VM's
NameValueCollection filter = new NameValueCollection();
filter.Add("Config.GuestFullName", "Windows");
List<EntityViewBase> vmlist = new List<EntityViewBase>();
vmlist = Client.FindEntityViews(typeof(VirtualMachine), null, filter, null);
//Populate the VM names into the VM ListBox
foreach (VirtualMachine vm in vmlist)
{
Console.WriteLine(" - vm:" + vm.Name);
Console.WriteLine(" HostName:" + vm.Guest.HostName);
Console.WriteLine(" IpAddress:" + vm.Guest.IpAddress);
Console.WriteLine(" GuestState:" + vm.Guest.GuestState);
}
//Get a list of ESXi hosts
List<EntityViewBase> hostlist = new List<EntityViewBase>();
hostlist = Client.FindEntityViews(typeof(HostSystem), null, null, null);
//Populate the Host names into the Host ListBox
foreach (HostSystem vmhost in hostlist)
{
Console.WriteLine(vmhost.Name);
}
}
}
}
在编译程序前,需要引用以下4个dll:
- VimService.dll,位于
C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\VMware.Vim\net45
- VMware.Binding.Wcf.dll,位于
C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\VMware.Vim\net45
- VMware.Binding.WsTrust.dll,位于
C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\VMware.VimAutomation.Common\net45
- VMware.Vim.dll,位于
C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\VMware.Vim\net45
0x04 小结
本文介绍了通过PowerCLI实现vCenter Server同虚拟机交互的方法,相比于vSphere Automation API和vSphere Web Services API,使用PowerCLI更加方便,仅需要引入PowerCLI后,通过简单的命令就能够实现同虚拟机的交互